A boundary type describes the specific category of barrier, disconnect, or challenge that a co-creation process seeks to overcome. Boundary types help identify where collaboration, coordination, knowledge exchange, or organizational change is needed to achieve project objectives.
Challenges arising from misalignment between governance levels, such as local, regional, national, or sectoral authorities.
Characteristics: Fragmented policies, inconsistent regulations, conflicting priorities, weak coordination, and misaligned strategies across scales.
Challenges related to coordination and collaboration between different sectors, departments, disciplines, or stakeholder groups.
Characteristics: Siloed planning, fragmented responsibilities, conflicting objectives, limited knowledge exchange, and sectoral misalignment.
Challenges associated with translating plans, policies, and strategies into practice while enabling continuous learning and adaptation.
Characteristics: Gaps between planning and implementation, weak monitoring and feedback loops, limited adaptive capacity, and difficulties scaling or improving interventions.
Challenges arising from insufficient stakeholder involvement, low levels of trust, weak collaboration, or conflicting interests among actors.
Characteristics: Limited participation, lack of transparency, stakeholder resistance, weak ownership, conflicting perspectives, and low social acceptance.