Constructed Technosols are human-designed soil-like substrates created by combining mineral, organic, and/or synthetic components to deliver specific functions (e.g. water retention, contaminant immobilisation, plant growth, structural stability) where natural soils are absent, degraded, or unsuitable. They address the shortage of space for nature development and degradation in industrial or dense urban sites. Key characteristics: designed structure and composition to meet the specific requirements of the future land use; assembled either ex situ and placed on site or created in situ.